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Sains Malaysiana 55(10)(2026): 1760-1773
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5510-14
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, DFT Studies,
Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Evaluation of Oxazolidinone Derivatives
(Sintesis, Pencirian Spektra, Kajian
DFT, Pendokan Molekul dan Penilaian Antibakteria Terbitan Oksazolidinon)
ALI K. ALYWEE1, HUSHAM ADIL2,
BILAL MAJID RUDAINI3, TAMMAR HUSSEIN ALI4 & SITI AISHAH HASBULLAH5,*
1Nanomaterial Research Centre,
University of Anbar, Al-Ramadi, 31001, Iraq
2University Headquarter,
University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
3Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
4Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Al Muthanna, Samawah 66001, Iraq
5Department of Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 17 January 2026/Accepted: 5 October
2026
*Corresponding author; email: aishah80@ukm.edu.my
AbstraCT
New oxazolidinone derivatives (F1 - F4) were
synthesized in good yield (60% - 78%) by the reaction of imines with
monochloroacetic acid in tetrahydrofuran, using triethylamine as a catalyst.
The synthesized compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques
such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H, 13C
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations
using Gaussian at B3LYP/6-311G basis set were used to determine the optimized
structure and quantitative properties such as HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular
Orbital), LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) and Energy Gap (ΔE)
of the synthesized oxazolidinone derivatives. The molecular docking of the
synthesized derivatives with the bacterial DNA gyrase protein (PDB: 6f86) was
also studied. The antibacterial evaluation showed inhibition zones ranging from
8 to 35 mm among the active compound–bacteria combinations, with F3 showing the highest activity against Escherichia coli, producing
inhibition zones of 31 and 35 mm at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively.
Keywords: Antibacterial activities; DFT calculations; molecular docking;
oxazolidinone derivative
Abstrak
Terbitan baharu oksazolidinon (F1 - F4) telah disintesis dengan peratusan hasil yang baik (60% - 78%) melalui tindak balas antara imina dan asid monokloroasetik dalam tetrahidrofuran menggunakan mangkin trietilamina. Sebatian yang disintesis telah dicirikan menggunakan analisis spektroskopi seperti spektroskopi Fourier-transformasi inframerah (FT-IR)
dan 1H, 13C NMR Spektroskopi Resonans Magnetik Nuklear (NMR). Pengiraan Kaedah Teori Fungsian Ketumpatan (DFT) menggunakan Gaussian pada set asas B3LYP/6-311G telah digunakan untuk menentukan struktur optimum dan ciri kuantitatif seperti HOMO (Orbital Molekul Terisi Tertinggi), LUMO (Orbital Molekul Terisi Terendah) dan Jurang Tenaga (ΔE) bagi terbitan oksazolidinon yang disintesis. Pendokan molekul dengan protein DNA girase bakteria (PDB: 6f86) turut dikaji. Penilaian antibakteria menunjukkan zon perencatan antara 8 hingga 35 mm antara gabungan kompaun-bakteria aktif dengan F3 menunjukkan aktiviti tertinggi terhadap Escherichia coli, menghasilkan zon perencatan 31 dan 35 mm masing-masing pada pada 1.25 dan 2.5 mg/mL.
Kata kunci: Aktiviti antibakteria; pendokan molekul; pengiraan DFT; terbitan oksazolidinon
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